As Alzheimer disease and other dementias progress, communication becomes more difficult. To aid better communication, LifeCare, a life management services company (www.lifecare.com), offers these strategies for caregivers:

• Speak slowly and calmly.
• Repeat yourself, if necessary, using the same words you used the first time.
• Simplify your sentences or break them into smaller parts. Instead of saying, “I’m going to the store to get some milk for lunch,” simply say, “I’m going to get milk.”
• Avoid complicated questions. Give simple, one-step commands. For example, instead of asking, “Would you like to have some of this apple to eat,” say, “Here is an apple.” Instead of, “Come to the table for dinner,” say, “Walk to the table. Sit in the chair. Eat your dinner.”
• Turn off the TV and avoid other distractions when trying to talk.
• Give your loved one a chance to respond even though it might take a while.
• Pay attention to non-verbal cues. If the person looks uncomfortable, he or she probably is and can’t tell you.
• Use non-verbal communication like pointing. Draw pictures. You’ll find what works best.
• Keep talking, even if you think your loved one does not understand you. Do so in a calm, soothing voice, which can help prevent mood swings and emotional upsets.
• Remain supportive and upbeat. Be generous with affectionate gestures such as touching and hugging.